Add figures and stuff

presentation.tex

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 \usepackage{listings}
 \usepackage{subcaption}
 \usepackage{bbm}
+\usepackage{siunitx}
+\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
 
 
 %
@@ -26,15 +28,6 @@
 \pgfplotsset{colorscheme/cel}
 \input{common.tex}
 
-\newcommand{\lineintext}[1]{%
-    \begin{tikzpicture}
-        \draw[#1] (0,0) -- (1.5em,0);
-
-        % Dummy node taking up the space of a letter to fix spacing
-        \node[outer sep=0, inner sep=0] () at (0.75em,0) {\phantom{a}};
-    \end{tikzpicture}%
-}
-
 
 %
 %
@@ -106,7 +99,7 @@ in D-Band}
 
 \setnextsection{0}
 
-\input{sections/01_background_and_intro.tex}
+%\input{sections/01_background_and_intro.tex}
 \input{sections/02_proposed_ideas.tex}
 \input{sections/03_simulation_results.tex}
 \input{sections/04_discussion.tex}

sections/01_background_and_intro.tex

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 \label{sec:Background and Introduction}
 
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Theoretical background}
+	\frametitle{Theoretical Background}
 
 	\begin{itemize}
 		\item [TODO] Relevant theoretical background on mixers
+        \item [TODO] What is special about broadband mixers/devices?
         \item [TODO] What is special about zero-IF mixers?
         \item [TODO] What is special about down-conversion mixers?
         \item [TODO] What is special about BiCMOS technology?

sections/02_proposed_ideas.tex

@@ -2,70 +2,170 @@
 \section{Proposed Ideas}
 \label{sec:Proposed Ideas}
 
+% \begin{frame}[t]
+% 	\frametitle{Overview of Proposed Design}
+% 
+% 	\vspace*{-5mm}
+% 
+% 	\begin{itemize}
+% 		\item Paper by Maiwald, \emph{et al}. \citereference{Mai+21}
+% 	\end{itemize}
+% 
+% 	\begin{figure}[h]
+% 		\centering
+% 
+% 		\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
+% 			\centering
+% 
+% 			\fbox{\includegraphics[page=1,width=.6\textwidth]{res/paper/mixer_paper}}
+% 		\end{subfigure}%
+% 		\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
+% 			\centering
+% 
+% 			\fbox{\includegraphics[page=2,width=.6\textwidth]{res/paper/mixer_paper}}
+% 		\end{subfigure}%
+% 		\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
+% 			\centering
+% 
+% 			\fbox{\includegraphics[page=4,width=.6\textwidth]{res/paper/mixer_paper}}
+% 		\end{subfigure}%
+% 	\end{figure}
+% 
+% 	\begin{itemize}
+% 		\item Spec 1
+% 		\item Spec 2
+% 		\item Spec 3
+% 	\end{itemize}
+% 
+% 	\bigskip
+% 
+% 	\addreference{Mai+21}{T. Maiwald et al., "A Broadband Zero-IF Down-Conversion Mixer in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS for Beyond 5G Communication Systems in D-Band," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 2277-2281, July 2021}
+% \end{frame}
+
 \begin{frame}[t]
 	\frametitle{Overview of Proposed Design}
 
-	\vspace*{-5mm}
+	\vspace*{-7mm}
 
 	\begin{itemize}
-		\item Paper by Maiwald, \emph{et al}. \citereference{Mai21}
+		\item Paper by Maiwald, \emph{et al}. \citereference{Mai+21}
 	\end{itemize}
 
+	\vspace*{1mm}
+
 	\begin{figure}[h]
 		\centering
 
-		\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
+		\begin{subfigure}[c]{0.33\textwidth}
 			\centering
 
-			\fbox{\includegraphics[page=1,width=.6\textwidth]{res/mixer_paper}}
+			\fbox{\includegraphics[page=1,width=.6\textwidth]{res/paper/mixer_paper}}
 		\end{subfigure}%
-		\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
+		\begin{subfigure}[c]{0.33\textwidth}
 			\centering
 
-			\fbox{\includegraphics[page=2,width=.6\textwidth]{res/mixer_paper}}
-		\end{subfigure}%
-		\begin{subfigure}{0.33\textwidth}
-			\centering
-
-			\fbox{\includegraphics[page=4,width=.6\textwidth]{res/mixer_paper}}
+			\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{res/paper/figure1}
 		\end{subfigure}%
 	\end{figure}
 
+	\vspace*{1mm}
+
 	\begin{itemize}
-		\item Spec 1
-		\item Spec 2
-		\item Spec 3
+		\item High bandwidth, low power consumption, small size
+		\item Applicable to electronic beam stearing for mm-Wave
+		\item SiGe BiCMOS technology (B11HFC) from Infineon Technologies AG with $f_\text{t}/f_\text{max}$ of $250/\SI{370}{\giga\hertz}$
 	\end{itemize}
 
-	\bigskip
+	\vspace*{2mm}
+	\addreference{Mai+21}{T. Maiwald et al., ``A Broadband Zero-IF Down-Conversion Mixer in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS for Beyond 5G Communication Systems in D-Band'', in \emph{IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs}, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 2277-2281, July 2021}
+\end{frame}
 
-	\addreference{Mai21}{T. Maiwald et al., "A Broadband Zero-IF Down-Conversion Mixer in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS for Beyond 5G Communication Systems in D-Band," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 2277-2281, July 2021}
+%\begin{frame}
+%	\frametitle{Semiconductor Technology}
+%
+%	\begin{itemize}
+%		\item [TODO] (Maybe move to paper overview slide)
+%		\item [TODO] "130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology with a ft/fmax
+%		      of 250/370 GHz from Infineon Technologies AG." (SG13G2) vs
+%		      "SiGe BiCMOS process technology from IHP Microelectronics
+%		      with fmax of 500 GHz" (B11HFC)
+%		      -> Same kind of technology, different manufacturerer and fmax
+%	\end{itemize}
+%\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+	\frametitle{Proposed Design: Mixer Core Cell}
+
+	\begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Usage of switching quad (SQuad) instead of conventional Gilbert cell for more voltage headroom
+			\item Mixer loaded by modified Cherry-Hooper \citereference{CH63} transimpedance amplifier (TIA)
+			\item Transmission-line based differential L-type matching networks for high bandwidth
+			\item Signal fed using marchand baluns for high bandwidth
+		\end{itemize}
+	\end{minipage}%
+	\begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
+		\centering
+
+		\vspace*{-2mm}
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\centering
+			\includegraphics[width=0.96\textwidth]{res/paper/figure6}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{minipage}%
+
+	\vspace{3mm}
+	\addreference{CH63}{E.M. Cherry and D.E. Hooper, ``The design of wide-band transistor feedback amplifiers'', \emph{Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers}, vol. 110, pp. 375-389, February 1963}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+	\frametitle{Proposed Design: IF Buffer}
+
+	\vspace*{5.775mm}
+	\begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Three-stages: two differential amplifier stages and an emitter follower
+			\item Includes differential to single-ended conversion enabling dense chip-to-package transition
+			\item Inductive peaking for bandwidth enhancement
+		\end{itemize}
+	\end{minipage}%
+	\begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
+		\centering
+
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\centering
+			\includegraphics[width=0.96\textwidth]{res/paper/figure7}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{minipage}%
 \end{frame}
 
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Semiconductor Technology}
+	\frametitle{Simulation and Measurement Results}
 
-	\begin{itemize}
-		\item [TODO] (Remove if not enough info provided in paper)
-		\item [TODO] Comparison with IHP Technology
-	\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Proposed Design}
-
-	\begin{itemize}
-		\item [TODO] Circuit schematics from paper
-		\item [TODO] Explanation of which topology is used an why
-		\item [TODO] Is there anything unconventional about the design?
-	\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Results from Proposed Design}
-
-	\begin{itemize}
-		\item [TODO] Simulation results
-		\item [TODO] Measurement results
-	\end{itemize}
+	\begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
+		\vspace*{-2mm}
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\centering
+			\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{res/paper/figure9}
+		\end{figure}
+		\vspace*{-3mm}
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\centering
+			\hspace*{-7mm}
+			\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{res/paper/figure11}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{minipage}%
+	\begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
+		\vspace*{-2mm}
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\centering
+			\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{res/paper/figure10}
+		\end{figure}
+		\vspace*{-3mm}
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\centering
+			\hspace*{-4mm}
+			\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{res/paper/figure12}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{minipage}
 \end{frame}

sections/03_simulation_results.tex

@@ -1,42 +1,217 @@
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Simulation Results}
-\label{sec:Simulation Results}
+\section{Own Simulations}
+\label{sec:Own Simulation}
 
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Simulation Setup}
+	\frametitle{Design Steps}
+
+	\begin{enumerate}
+		\item Determination of operating point of individual stages
+		      \begin{itemize}
+			      \item SQuad
+			      \item TIA
+			      \item Buffer
+		      \end{itemize}
+		\item Integration
+		      \begin{itemize}
+			      \item SQuad \& TIA
+			      \item SQuad, TIA \& Buffer
+		      \end{itemize}
+		\item Matching of input and output
+		\item Replacement of remaining DC blocks/feeds in bias circuitry
+		\item Final optimization
+	\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Operating Point: Switching Quad}
+
+	\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Operation
+			      \begin{itemize}
+				      \item Responsible for actual mixing
+				      \item Multiplication of RF-signal with square wave $\rightarrow$ generation of mixing products at IF-frequency and harmonics
+			      \end{itemize}
+		\end{itemize}
+		\bigskip
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Determination of operating point
+			      \begin{itemize}
+				      \item Exact value of $V_\text{CE}$ not crucial
+				      \item $V_\text{BE}$: Examination of $s_\text{21}$
+				            of Large-signal s-parameter simulation and noise figure (analogous to \citereference{Mai+21})
+				      \item [TODO] (Simulate noise figure or remove text)
+			      \end{itemize}
+		\end{itemize}
+	\end{minipage}%
+	\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
+		\centering
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\vspace*{-5mm}
+			\hspace*{15mm}%
+			\includegraphics[width=0.83\textwidth]{res/simulation/SQuad_OP_01.pdf}
+
+			\vspace*{-18mm}
+			\hspace*{-55mm}%
+			\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{res/simulation/SQuad_OP_02.pdf}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{minipage}
+
+	\vspace{4mm}
+	\addreference{Mai+21}{T. Maiwald et al., ``A Broadband Zero-IF Down-Conversion Mixer in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS for Beyond 5G Communication Systems in D-Band'', in \emph{IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs}, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 2277-2281, July 2021}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Operating Point: Transimpedance Amplifier}
+
+	\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Operation
+			      \begin{itemize}
+				      \item Conversion of switched current to voltage, amplification
+				      \item Modified Cherry-Hooper topology: decoupling of bandwidth and gain, modification for greater dynamic range
+			      \end{itemize}
+		\end{itemize}
+		\bigskip
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Determination of operating point
+			      \begin{itemize}
+				      \item Exact value of supply voltage not crucial
+				      \item S-parameter simulation: Examination of maximum available gain ($\mathit{MAG}$) and minimum noise figure ($\mathit{NF}_\text{min}$)
+			      \end{itemize}
+		\end{itemize}
+	\end{minipage}%
+	\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
+		\vspace*{-6mm}
+
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\centering
+			\hspace*{-8mm}
+			\includegraphics[width=0.83\textwidth]{res/simulation/TIA_OP_01.pdf}
+
+			\vspace*{-20mm}
+			\hspace*{58mm}%
+			\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{res/simulation/TIA_OP_02.pdf}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{minipage}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Operating Point: Buffer}
+
+	\begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Operation
+			      \begin{itemize}
+				      \item Amplification of signal
+				      \item Comprises three stages: two differential amplifiers and an emitter follower
+			      \end{itemize}
+		\end{itemize}
+		\bigskip
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item Determination of operating point
+			      \begin{itemize}
+				      \item Exact value of supply voltage not crucial at this point
+				      \item S-parameter simulation: Examination of $\mathit{MAG}$ and $\mathit{NF}_\text{min}$
+				      \item \textbf{Note}: Adjustment with respect to linearity at the very end
+				      \item [TODO] Switch figure with correct one (add peaking inductance)
+			      \end{itemize}
+		\end{itemize}
+	\end{minipage}%
+	\begin{minipage}{0.57\textwidth}
+		\vspace*{-5mm}
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\hspace*{2mm}%
+			\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{res/simulation/Buffer.pdf}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{minipage}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Integration: SQuad \& TIA}
+
+	\begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item DC coupling $\rightarrow$ Redesign of bias circuitry
+			\item Supply voltage fixed to $\SI{2.5}{\volt}$ to not exceed breakdown voltage of transistors
+			\item Examination using Harmonic-Balance simulation:
+			      \begin{itemize}
+				      \item Conversion gain
+				      \item $\SI{1}{dB}$ compression point ($P_{\SI{1}{dB}}$)
+				      \item[TODO] Noise figure
+			      \end{itemize}
+		\end{itemize}
+	\end{minipage}%
+	\begin{minipage}{0.6\textwidth}
+		\vspace*{-38mm}
+		\begin{figure}[H]
+			\includegraphics[width=0.67\textwidth]{res/simulation/INT_SQuad_TIA_01.pdf}
+
+			\vspace*{-50mm}
+			\hspace{-70mm}%
+			\includegraphics[width=0.28\textwidth]{res/simulation/INT_SQuad_TIA_02.pdf}
+
+			\vspace*{-20mm}
+			\hspace{60mm}%
+			\includegraphics[width=0.22\textwidth]{res/simulation/INT_SQuad_TIA_03.pdf}
+		\end{figure}
+	\end{minipage}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+	\frametitle{Integration: SQuad, TIA \& Buffer}
 
 	\begin{itemize}
-		\item [TODO] Simulation schematics
-		\item [TODO] Differences to schematic from paper (if any)
+		\item AC coupling $\rightarrow$ No redesign of bias circuitry required
 	\end{itemize}
 \end{frame}
 
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Design steps}
-
-	\begin{itemize}
-		\item [TODO] Idea: approach from lecture: first worry about actual circuit, biasing later
-		\item [TODO] Choice of transistors
-		\item [TODO] Choice of operating points
-		\item [TODO] Rest of schematic details (?)
-	\end{itemize}
+	\frametitle{Further Optimization: \ldots}
 \end{frame}
 
-\begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Simulation Results}
-
-	\begin{itemize}
-		\item [TODO] Simulation results
-		\item [TODO] Intuitive explanation of results
-	\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}
-    \frametitle{Comparison with Standard Topology}
-
-    \begin{itemize}
-		\item [TODO] (Remove if not applicable)
-        \item [TODO] Comparison of pros and cons of each topology
-        \item [TODO] Comparison of simulation results
-    \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
+%\begin{frame}
+%	\frametitle{Simulation Setup}
+%
+%    \begin{figure}[H]
+%        \centering
+%
+%        \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{res/simulation/schematic.pdf} 
+%    \end{figure}
+%
+%	\begin{itemize}
+%		\item [TODO] Simulation schematics
+%		\item [TODO] Differences to schematic from paper (if any)
+%	\end{itemize}
+%\end{frame}
+%
+%\begin{frame}
+%	\frametitle{Design Steps}
+%
+%	\begin{itemize}
+%		\item [TODO] Idea: approach from lecture: first worry about actual circuit, biasing later
+%		\item [TODO] Choice of transistors
+%		\item [TODO] Choice of operating points
+%		\item [TODO] Rest of schematic details (?)
+%	\end{itemize}
+%\end{frame}
+%
+%\begin{frame}
+%	\frametitle{Simulation Results}
+%
+%	\begin{itemize}
+%		\item [TODO] Simulation results
+%		\item [TODO] Intuitive explanation of results
+%	\end{itemize}
+%\end{frame}
+%
+%\begin{frame}
+%    \frametitle{Comparison with Standard Topology}
+%
+%    \begin{itemize}
+%		\item [TODO] (Remove if not applicable)
+%        \item [TODO] Comparison of pros and cons of each topology
+%        \item [TODO] Comparison of simulation results
+%    \end{itemize}
+%\end{frame}

sections/04_discussion.tex

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 \label{sec:Discussion}
 
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Own observations}
+	\frametitle{Own Observations}
 
 	\begin{itemize}
 		\item [TODO] Own observations of behavior
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 \end{frame}
 
 \begin{frame}
-	\frametitle{Further simulations}
+	\frametitle{Further Simulations}
 
 	\begin{itemize}
 		\item [TODO] (Remove if not applicable)

structure.md

@@ -36,3 +36,38 @@
 
 - Layout issues and optimization are out of scope, in case they exist in the
   paper
+
+## TODO
+
+- Compare technologies (B11HFC, SG13G2)
+- What are the benefits of SiGe? (e.g., RF on same chip as digital stuff)
+- How does the proposed topology work?
+  - Why the TIA?
+  - How does the TIA work?
+  - Why do transmission-line based differential L-type matching networks have a
+    high bandwidth?
+  - How can we just remove the bottom transistors?
+- Intuitive explanations of paper simulation results
+- Why do single-ended chip interfaces enable a dense chip-to-package
+  transition?
+- Stuff from background slide:
+- Relevant theoretical background on mixers
+  - What is special about zero-IF mixers?
+  - ~What is special about broadband mixers/devices?~ Take a look ad broadband
+    IC notes
+  - What is special about down-conversion mixers?
+  - What is special about BiCMOS technology?
+  - ~What is D-Band?~
+- Simulation
+
+## Ideas for further simulations
+
+- Change the buffer resistors to inductors (drawback: larger size)
+- Remove feedback path from TIA (and ensure stability by other means)
+
+## Other notes
+
+- LSSP: Normal S-Parameters are determined for linearized systems. For this
+  reason, they are only tools of small-signal analysis. Large-Signal
+  S-Parameters are defined similarly (ratios of power going in/out) but are
+  computed considering non-linearities.