diff --git a/src/fundamentals/main.tex b/src/fundamentals/main.tex index 8df2353..fcb0432 100644 --- a/src/fundamentals/main.tex +++ b/src/fundamentals/main.tex @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ as a vector} The so called Bra-ket or Dirac notation is especially appropriate, having been proposed by Paul Dirac in 1939 for the express purpose of simplifying quantum mechanical notation \cite{dirac_new_1939}. -Two new symbols are introduced, \emph{bra}s $\bra{\cdot}$ and +Two new symbols are defined, \emph{bra}s $\bra{\cdot}$ and \emph{ket}s $\ket{\cdot}$. Kets denote ordinary vectors, while bras denote their Hermitian conjugates. For example, two vectors specified by the labels $a$ and $b$ @@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ Their inner product is $\braket{a\vert b}$. .% \end{align*}% % - \ldots When not ambiguous in the context, the tensor product symbol may be omitted, e.g. + \ldots When not ambiguous in the context, the tensor product + symbol may be omitted, e.g., \begin{align*} \ket{0} \otimes \ket{0} = \ket{0}\ket{0} .% @@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ Their inner product is $\braket{a\vert b}$. As we will see, the core concept that gives quantum computing its power is entanglement. When two quantum mechanical systems are -entangled, measuring the state of one will collapse the state of the other. +entangled, measuring the state of one will collapse that of the other. Take for example two subsystems with the overall state % \begin{align*} @@ -137,9 +138,9 @@ Take for example two subsystems with the overall state .% \end{align*} % -If we measure the state of the first subsystem as $\ket{0}$, we can +If we measure the first subsystem as being in $\ket{0}$, we can be certain that a measurement of the second subsystem will also yield $\ket{0}$. -For brevity, we write the state of the combined system as% +Introducing a new notation for entangled states, we can write% % \begin{align*} \ket{\psi} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( \ket{00} + \ket{11} \right)