diff --git a/src/midterm_presentation/main.tex b/src/midterm_presentation/main.tex index 7c9ed3f..456a1ba 100644 --- a/src/midterm_presentation/main.tex +++ b/src/midterm_presentation/main.tex @@ -86,6 +86,30 @@ {\typeout{Successfully patched fullwire for classical wires}} {\typeout{Failed to patch fullwire for classical wires}} +\makeatletter + +\newcommand{\addreferencesmanual}{% + \begin{scriptsize} + \begin{tabular}{lp{0.88\textwidth}} + \@addreferencesimanual + } + + \newcommand\@addreferencesimanual{\@ifnextchar\stopreferencesmanual{\@addreferencesendmanual}{\@addreferencesiimanual}} + + \newcommand\@addreferencesiimanual[2]{% + \textcolor{kit-green100}{[#1]} & \textcolor{kit-green100}{#2} \\ + \@addreferencesimanual % restart the recursion + } + + \newcommand\@addreferencesendmanual[1]{% The argument is \stopimages + \end{tabular} + \end{scriptsize} +} + +\makeatother + +\newcommand{\citereferencemanual}[1]{\textcolor{kit-green100}{\textbf{\scriptsize{[#1]}}}} + % % % Acronyms @@ -169,12 +193,12 @@ \item Simulating quantum systems on classical hardware is exponentially complex \\ $\rightarrow$ Use quantum hardware to simulate quantum - systems \citereference{feynman_simulating_1982} + systems \citereferencemanual{Fey82} \item ``Hard'' to solve problems on classical computers can be ``easy'' on quantum computers - \citereference{preskill_quantum_2018} + \citereferencemanual{Pre18} \item Google Quantum AI's quantum computing roadmap - \citereference{google_quantum_ai_quantum_nodate} + \citereferencemanual{Goo23} \end{itemize} \vspace*{3mm} @@ -186,11 +210,20 @@ \vspace*{3mm} - \addreferences - {feynman_simulating_1982} - {preskill_quantum_2018} - {google_quantum_ai_quantum_nodate} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {Fey82}{ + R. P. Feynman, ``Simulating physics with computers,'', + \emph{International Journal of Theoretical Physics}, 1982. + } + {Pre18}{ + J. Preskill, ``Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and + beyond,'' \emph{Quantum}, 2018. + } + {Goo23}{ + Google Quantum AI, \emph{Quantum Computing Roadmap}, URL: + \url{https://quantumai.google/qecmilestone2023}, 2023. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} % TODO: Where should I quote Preskill? There are multiple bullet @@ -225,7 +258,7 @@ \item Quantum systems are inherently fragile \item Interacting with the quantum state disturbs it \item Idea: Represent \schlagwort{logical qubits} using more - \schlagwort{physical qubits} \citereference{roffe_quantum_2019} + \schlagwort{physical qubits} \citereferencemanual{Rof19} \vspace*{2mm} @@ -258,26 +291,36 @@ \begin{itemize} \item Recent scheme by IBM encodes $12$ logical qubits in $288$ physical ones - \citereference{bravyi_high-threshold_2024} + \citereferencemanual{BCG$^+$24} \item Physical error rate typically set to $10^{-3}$ for simulations (e.g., - \citereference{bravyi_high-threshold_2024}) + \citereferencemanual{BCG$^+$24}) \item Decode with ultra-low latency to avoid \schlagwort{backlog problem} (about $\SI{1}{\micro s}$ per data \\ extraction round) - \citereference{caune_demonstrating_2024} + \citereferencemanual{CSB$^+$24} \end{itemize} } \end{itemize} \vspace*{10mm} - \addreferences - {roffe_quantum_2019} - {bravyi_high-threshold_2024} - {caune_demonstrating_2024} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {Rof19}{ + J. Roffe, ``Quantum error correction: An introductory + guide,'' \emph{Contemporary Physics}, 2019. + } + {BCG$^+$24}{ + S. Bravyi et al., ``High-threshold and low-overhead + fault-tolerant quantum memory,'' \emph{Nature}, 2024. + } + {CSB$^+$24}{ + L. Caune et al., ``Demonstrating real-time and low-latency + quantum error correction with superconducting qubits'', + \emph{arXiv:2410.05202}, 2024. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -311,7 +354,7 @@ \item Classical systems built with bits and gates, quantum systems with qubits and quantum gates \item We have to consider phase flip errors in addition to - bit flip errors \citereference{roffe_quantum_2019} + bit flip errors \citereferencemanual{Rof19} \end{itemize} \vspace*{-3mm} @@ -355,22 +398,31 @@ \item Measuring the qubits directly destroys superpositions and entanglement \\ $\rightarrow$ Use syndrome for decoding - \citereference{nielsen_quantum_2010} + \citereferencemanual{NC10} } \visible<3>{ \item Superposition $\rightarrow$ multiple solutions to the decoding problem (\schlagwort{quantum degeneracy}) - \citereference{roffe_decoding_2020}} + \citereferencemanual{RWB$^+$20}} \end{itemize} \vspace*{12mm} - \addreferences - {nielsen_quantum_2010} - {roffe_quantum_2019} - {roffe_decoding_2020} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {Rof19}{ + J. Roffe, ``Quantum error correction: An introductory + guide,'' \emph{Contemporary Physics}, 2019. + } + {NC10}{ + M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, ``Quantum Computation and + Quantum Information'', \emph{Cambridge University Press}, 2010. + } + {RWB$^+$20}{ + J. Roffe et al., ``Decoding across the quantum low-density + parity-check code landscape,'' \emph{Physical Review Research}, 2020. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} \begin{frame} @@ -387,7 +439,7 @@ % of one another" \begin{itemize} - \item Stabilizer codes \citereference{nielsen_quantum_2010} + \item Stabilizer codes \citereferencemanual{NC10} \begin{itemize} \item Implicitly defined using \schlagwort{stabilizer generators} @@ -396,7 +448,7 @@ \end{itemize} \vspace*{10mm} \visible<2->{ - \item \Acf{css} codes \citereference{nielsen_quantum_2010} + \item \Acf{css} codes \citereferencemanual{NC10} \begin{itemize} \item Subset of stabilizer codes \item Able to correct $\X$ and $\Z$ errors independently @@ -412,9 +464,12 @@ \vspace*{20mm} - \addreferences - {nielsen_quantum_2010} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {NC10}{ + M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, ``Quantum Computation and + Quantum Information'', \emph{Cambridge University Press}, 2010. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} % TODO: Do I need to show what the syndrome extraction circuitry for @@ -427,7 +482,7 @@ \begin{itemize} \item Entangle the state $\ket{\psi}$ with \schlagwort{ancilla qubits} to perform syndrome - measurements \citereference{nielsen_quantum_2010} + measurements \citereferencemanual{NC10} \item Example: The 3-qubit repetition code for $\X$ errors \end{itemize} @@ -473,9 +528,12 @@ \vspace*{10mm} - \addreferences - {nielsen_quantum_2010} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {NC10}{ + M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, ``Quantum Computation and + Quantum Information'', \emph{Cambridge University Press}, 2010. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -498,7 +556,7 @@ $\rightarrow$ Need for \schlagwort{fault-tolerant} \acf{qec} \item In addition to correcting \schlagwort{input errors}, limit spread of \schlagwort{internal errors} - \citereference{derks_designing_2025} + \citereferencemanual{DTB$^+$25} \end{itemize} \vspace*{3mm} @@ -533,17 +591,23 @@ \visible<2->{ \item Modify syndrome extraction circuitry (e.g., multi-qubit states for each ancilla - \citereference{shor_fault-tolerant_1997}) + \citereferencemanual{Sho97}) \item Multiple rounds of syndrome extraction } \end{itemize} \vspace*{15mm} - \addreferences - {shor_fault-tolerant_1997} - {derks_designing_2025} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {DTB$^+$25}{ + P.- J. H. S. Derks et al., ``Designing fault-tolerant + circuits using detector error models,'' \emph{Quantum}, 2025. + } + {Sho97}{ + P. W. Shor, ``Fault-tolerant quantum computation,'' + \emph{arXiv:quant-ph/9605011}, 1997. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -557,7 +621,7 @@ \begin{itemize} \item \schlagwort{Measurement syndrome matrix} $\bm{\Omega}$ \\ - contains error patterns \citereference{derks_designing_2025} + contains error patterns \citereferencemanual{DTB$^+$25} \item Example: 3-qubit repetition code \end{itemize} @@ -810,9 +874,12 @@ \vspace*{8mm} - \addreferences - {derks_designing_2025} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {DTB$^+$25}{ + P.- J. H. S. Derks et al., ``Designing fault-tolerant + circuits using detector error models,'' \emph{Quantum}, 2025. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} \begin{frame}[fragile] @@ -822,7 +889,7 @@ \begin{itemize} \item \schlagwort{Measurement syndrome matrix} $\bm{\Omega}$ \\ - contains error patterns \citereference{derks_designing_2025} + contains error patterns \citereferencemanual{DTB$^+$25}\ \item Example: 3-qubit repetition code \end{itemize} @@ -1112,9 +1179,12 @@ \vspace*{4mm} - \addreferences - {derks_designing_2025} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {DTB$^+$25}{ + P.- J. H. S. Derks et al., ``Designing fault-tolerant + circuits using detector error models,'' \emph{Quantum}, 2025. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} % TODO: Journal not showing for derks_designing_2025 @@ -1202,15 +1272,18 @@ \item A detector is a parity constraint on a set of measurement outcomes \item The \schlagwort{detector error matrix} $\bm{H}$ contains - modified error patterns \citereference{derks_designing_2025} + modified error patterns \citereferencemanual{DTB$^+$25}\ \end{itemize} } \vspace*{10mm} - \addreferences - {derks_designing_2025} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {DTB$^+$25}{ + P.- J. H. S. Derks et al., ``Designing fault-tolerant + circuits using detector error models,'' \emph{Quantum}, 2025. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} \begin{frame} @@ -1250,7 +1323,7 @@ \begin{itemize} \item E.g., for \ac{bb} codes under circuit-level noise - \citereference{gong_toward_2024} + \citereferencemanual{GCR24} \end{itemize} \vspace*{-4mm} @@ -1268,9 +1341,12 @@ \vspace*{5mm} - \addreferences - {gong_toward_2024} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {GCR24}{A. Gong, S. Cammerer, and J. M. Renes, ``Toward + Low-latency Iterative Decoding of QLDPC Codes Under + Circuit-Level Noise,'', 2024. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} \begin{frame}[fragile] @@ -1299,7 +1375,7 @@ \begin{itemize} \visible<1->{ \item The \schlagwort{depolarizing channel} considers - \citereference{nielsen_quantum_2010} + \citereferencemanual{NC10} \begin{itemize} \item $\X$, $\Y$ or $\Z$ errors on the data qubits @@ -1307,7 +1383,7 @@ } \visible<2->{ \item \schlagwort{Phenomenological noise} considers - \citereference{derks_designing_2025} + \citereferencemanual{DTB$^+$25} \begin{itemize} \item $\X$ errors on data qubits before each \\ measurement round @@ -1316,7 +1392,7 @@ } \visible<3->{ \item \schlagwort{Circuit-level noise} considers - \citereference{derks_designing_2025} + \citereferencemanual{DTB$^+$25} \begin{itemize} \item $\X$, $\Y$ or $\Z$ errors after state preparation @@ -1395,10 +1471,16 @@ \vspace*{8mm} - \addreferences - {nielsen_quantum_2010} - {derks_designing_2025} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {NC10}{ + M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, ``Quantum Computation and + Quantum Information'', \emph{Cambridge University Press}, 2010. + } + {DTB$^+$25}{ + P.- J. H. S. Derks et al., ``Designing fault-tolerant + circuits using detector error models,'' \emph{Quantum}, 2025. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} \begin{frame} @@ -1416,7 +1498,7 @@ matrix and a noise model \visible<2->{ \item Tanner graph of detector error matrix of \ac{bb} code - \citereference{koutsioumpas_automorphism_2025} + \citereferencemanual{KSW$^+$25} } \end{itemize} @@ -1436,20 +1518,32 @@ \begin{itemize} \item Repeated syndrome measurements lead to increased decoding complexity - \citereference{gong_toward_2024} + \citereferencemanual{GCR24} \item Degeneracy and short cycles lead to degraded performance of \ac{bp} - \citereference{babar_fifteen_2015} + \citereferencemanual{BBA$^+$15} \end{itemize} \end{itemize} } \vspace*{20mm} - \addreferences - {babar_fifteen_2015} - {gong_toward_2024} - \stopreferences{} + \addreferencesmanual + {KSW$^+$25}{ + S. Koutsioumpas et al., ``Automorphism Ensemble Decoding of + Quantum LDPC Codes,'' \emph{arXiv:2503.01738}, 2025. + } + {GCR24}{ + A. Gong, S. Cammerer, and J. M. Renes, ``Toward + Low-latency Iterative Decoding of QLDPC Codes Under + Circuit-Level Noise,'' 2024. + } + {BBA$^+$15}{ + Z. Babar et al., ``Fifteen Years of + Quantum LDPC Coding and Improved Decoding Strategies,'' + \emph{IEEE Access}, 2015. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -1469,36 +1563,61 @@ \begin{itemize} \item Decoding complexity addressed with window-based approaches \begin{itemize} - \item Parallel decoding \citereference{skoric_parallel_2023} + \item Parallel decoding \citereferencemanual{SBB$^+$23} \item Sliding windows - \citereference{huang_improved_2023} - \citereference{gong_toward_2024} + \citereferencemanual{HP23} + \citereferencemanual{GCR24} \end{itemize} \item Degraded \ac{bp} performance addressed with modification or extension \begin{itemize} \item \Ac{osd} post-processing - \citereference{roffe_decoding_2020} - \item Guided decimation \citereference{gong_toward_2024} + \citereferencemanual{RWB$^+$20} + \item Guided decimation \citereferencemanual{GCR24} \item Neural approaches - \citereference{kuo_exploiting_2022} - \citereference{miao_quaternary_2025} + \citereferencemanual{KL22} + \citereferencemanual{MSL$^+$25} \item Ensemble decoding - \citereference{koutsioumpas_automorphism_2025} + \citereferencemanual{KSW$^+$25} \end{itemize} \end{itemize} \vspace*{5mm} - \addreferences - {roffe_decoding_2020} - {kuo_exploiting_2022} - {huang_improved_2023} - {skoric_parallel_2023} - {gong_toward_2024} - {miao_quaternary_2025} - {koutsioumpas_automorphism_2025} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {SBB$^+$23}{ + L. Skoric et al., ``Parallel window decoding enables scalable + fault tolerant quantum computation,'' \emph{Nature + Communications}, 2023. + } + {HP23}{ + S. Huang and S. Puri, ``Improved Noisy Syndrome Decoding of + Quantum LDPC Codes with Sliding Window,'' \emph{arXiv:2311.03307}, 2023. + } + {GCR24}{ + A. Gong, S. Cammerer, and J. M. Renes, ``Toward + Low-latency Iterative Decoding of QLDPC Codes Under + Circuit-Level Noise,'' 2024. + } + {RWB$^+$20}{ + J. Roffe, et al., ``Decoding across the quantum low-density + parity-check code landscape,'' \emph{Physical Review}, 2020. + } + {KL22}{ + K.- Y. Kuo and C.- Y. Lai, ``Exploiting degeneracy in belief + propagation decoding of quantum codes,'' \emph{npj Quantum + Information}, 2022. + } + {MSL$^+$25}{ + S. Miao et al., ``Quaternary Neural Belief Propagation + Decoding of Quantum LDPC Codes with Overcomplete + Check Matrices'', \emph{IEEE Access}, 2025. + } + {KSW$^+$25}{ + S. Koutsioumpas et al., ``Automorphism Ensemble Decoding of + Quantum LDPC Codes,'' \emph{arXiv:2503.01738}, 2025. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} % TODO: Understand update equation for s_2' @@ -1508,7 +1627,7 @@ \vspace*{-15mm} \begin{itemize} - \item Approach taken in \citereference{gong_toward_2024} + \item Approach taken in \citereferencemanual{GCR24} resembles \acf{scldpc} code \item They try \ac{bp} + \ac{osd} and a modification of \ac{bp} with guided decimation @@ -1602,9 +1721,13 @@ \vspace*{8mm} - \addreferences - {gong_toward_2024} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {GCR24}{ + A. Gong, S. Cammerer, and J. M. Renes, ``Toward + Low-latency Iterative Decoding of QLDPC Codes Under + Circuit-Level Noise,'' 2024. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -1635,12 +1758,12 @@ \item Future directions \begin{itemize} \item Adapt modified guided decimation decoder from - \citereference{gong_toward_2024} to pass soft + \citereferencemanual{GCR24} to pass soft information \item Investigate performance of different modifications of \ac{bp} for "inner decoder" (e.g., quaternary neural \ac{bp} - \citereference{miao_quaternary_2025}) + \citereferencemanual{MSL$^+$25}) \item \ldots \end{itemize} } @@ -1648,10 +1771,18 @@ \vspace*{10mm} - \addreferences - {gong_toward_2024} - {miao_quaternary_2025} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {GCR24}{ + A. Gong, S. Cammerer, and J. M. Renes, ``Toward + Low-latency Iterative Decoding of QLDPC Codes Under + Circuit-Level Noise,'' 2024. + } + {MSL$^+$25}{ + S. Miao et al., ``Quaternary Neural Belief Propagation + Decoding of Quantum LDPC Codes with Overcomplete + Check Matrices'', \emph{IEEE Access}, 2025. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} % TODO: Organize sections properly @@ -1669,9 +1800,9 @@ \begin{itemize} \item \red{For circuit-level noise, often, all error probabilities are set to the same value for simulations - \citereference{fowler_high-threshold_2009}} + \citereferencemanual{FSG09}} \item \red{There are other approaches (e.g., SDMB noise, SI noise) - \citereference{derks_designing_2025}} + \citereferencemanual{DTB$^+$25}} \end{itemize} \vspace*{10mm} @@ -1683,10 +1814,17 @@ \vspace*{15mm} - \addreferences - {derks_designing_2025} - {fowler_high-threshold_2009} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {FSG09}{ + A. G. Fowler, A. M. Stephens, and P. Groszkowski, + ``High-threshold universal quantum computation on the surface + code,'' \emph{Physical Review}, 2009. + } + {DTB$^+$25}{ + P.- J. H. S. Derks et al., ``Designing fault-tolerant + circuits using detector error models,'' \emph{Quantum}, 2025. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -1704,7 +1842,7 @@ \item \red{Memory or stability experiment} \item \red{Figure of merit: Footprint plot} \item \red{Comparison with BB code also simulated by - \citereference{gong_toward_2024}} + \citereferencemanual{GCR24}} \item \red{Comparison with surface code} \end{itemize} \end{minipage}% @@ -1742,7 +1880,7 @@ \vspace*{5mm} \caption{Schematic workflow of surface code quantum - computation \citereference{zhang_classical_2023}.} + computation \citereferencemanual{ZZC$^+$23}.} \end{subfigure}% \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.5\textwidth} \centering @@ -1791,16 +1929,24 @@ \vspace*{5mm} \caption{Block diagram of QEC using stabilizer codes - \citereference{miao_quaternary_2025}.} + \citereferencemanual{MSL$^+$25}.} \end{subfigure} \end{figure} % \vspace*{-2mm} - \addreferences - {zhang_classical_2023} - {miao_quaternary_2025} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {ZZC$^+$23}{ + F. Zhang et al., ``A Classical Architecture for Digital + Quantum Computers,'' \emph{ACM Transactions on Quantum + Computing}, 2023. + } + {MSL$^+$25}{ + S. Miao et al., ``Quaternary Neural Belief Propagation + Decoding of Quantum LDPC Codes with Overcomplete + Check Matrices'', \emph{IEEE Access}, 2025. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} \begin{frame} @@ -1812,9 +1958,13 @@ \vspace*{25mm} - \addreferences - {gong_toward_2024} - \stopreferences + \addreferencesmanual + {GCR24}{ + A. Gong, S. Cammerer, and J. M. Renes, ``Toward + Low-latency Iterative Decoding of QLDPC Codes Under + Circuit-Level Noise,'' 2024. + } + \stopreferencesmanual \end{frame} % TODO: Is this really necessary?