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@ -244,11 +244,10 @@ unknown distribution, the test we chose to verify this observation is a Mann
Whitney U test. We found that $S _\text{L}$ is faster than $S_\text{R}$ with a
significance of $p < 0.0001$, while no significant statement could be made
about $S_\text{R}$ and $S_\text{B}$.
Fig. \ref{fig:Behavior} shows the results of the behavioral measurement.
During this part of the experiment, we also measured the time each participant
needed to fill up their bottle. Using the measured flowrates we calculated
the mean refill volume to be $\SI{673.92}{\milli\liter}$.
% During this part of the experiment, we also measured the time each participant
% needed to fill up their bottle. Using the measured flowrates we calculated
% the mean refill volume to be $\SI{673.92}{\milli\liter}$.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@ -256,16 +255,16 @@ the mean refill volume to be $\SI{673.92}{\milli\liter}$.
We can consider the water dispenser and students as comprising a queueing
system, specifically an M/G/1 queue \cite{stewart_probability_2009}.
The response time, i.e., the time spent waiting as well as
The expected response time, i.e., the time spent waiting as well as
the time dispensing water, is \cite[Section 14.3]{stewart_probability_2009}%
\begin{align*}
W = E\mleft\{ S \mright\} + \frac{\lambda E\mleft\{ S^2 \mright\}}{2\mleft( 1-\rho \mright)}
,%
\end{align*}%
where $S$ denotes the service time (i.e., the time spent refilling a bottle),
$\lambda$ the mean arrival time, and $\rho$ the system utilization. Using our
experimental data we can approximate all parameters and calculate
\todo{$W \approx 123$} (See the appendix for a complete derivation).
$\lambda$ the mean arrival time, and $\rho = \lambda \cdot E\mleft\{ S \mright\}$ the system utilization. Using our
experimental data we can approximate all parameters and obtain
\todo{$W \approx 123$}.
% We examine the effects of the choice of hydration strategy. To
% this end, we start by estimating the potential time savings possible by always
% choosing the fastest strategy:%
@ -338,69 +337,69 @@ academic performance of KIT students: always pressing the right button.
\printbibliography
\appendix
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{Derivation of Service Time}
\label{sec:Derivation of Service Time}
We want to compute the response time of our queueing system, i.e.,
\cite[Section 14.3]{stewart_probability_2009}
\begin{align*}
W = E\mleft\{ S \mright\} + \frac{\lambda E\mleft\{ S^2 \mright\}}{2\mleft( 1-\rho \mright)}
.%
\end{align*}%
We start by modelling the service time and subsequently calculate $\lambda$
and $\rho$.
Let $S, V$ and $R$ be random variables denoting the service time, refill volume
and refill rate, respectively. Assuming that $V$ and $R$ are independent, we
have
\begin{gather*}
S = \frac{V}{R} \hspace{5mm} \text{and} \hspace{5mm}
P_R(r) = \left\{\begin{array}{rl}
P(S_\text{L}), & r = r_{S_\text{L}} \\
1-P(S_\text{L}), & r = r_{S_\text{R}}
\end{array}\right.
\end{gather*}%
\begin{align*}
E\mleft\{ S^2 \mright\} &= E\mleft\{ V^2 \mright\}E\mleft\{ 1 / R^2 \mright\} \\
& = E\mleft\{ V^2 \mright\} \mleft( P(S_\text{L})\frac{1}{r^2_{S_\text{L}}} + \mleft( 1 - P(S_\text{L}) \mright)\frac{1}{r^2_{S_\text{R}}} \mright)
.%
\end{align*}
We now use our experimental data (having calculated $v_n, n\in [1:N]$ from the
measured fill times and flow rates) to compute
\begin{align*}
\left.
\begin{array}{r}
E\mleft\{ V^2 \mright\} \approx \frac{1}{N+1} \sum_{n=1}^{N} v_n^2 = \todo{15}\\
P(S_\text{L}) \approx \frac{\text{\# times $S_\text{L}$ was chosen}}{N} = \todo{123} \\
r^2_{S_\text{L}} \approx \todo{125} \\
r^2_{S_\text{R}} \approx \todo{250}
\end{array}
\right\} \Rightarrow
\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
E\mleft\{ S \mright\} \approx \todo{678} \\
E\mleft\{ S^2 \mright\} \approx \todo{123}
\end{array}
\right.
.%
\end{align*}
$\lambda$ is the mean arrival time.
\todo{
\textbf{TODOs:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Complete text describing / obtaining $\rho$ and $\lambda$
\item Move model derivation to method section
\item Move calculations with model to results section
\item Add grade gain derivation
\item Idea: Make the whole thing 2 pages and print on A3
\end{itemize}
}
% \appendix
%
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \section{Derivation of Service Time}
% \label{sec:Derivation of Service Time}
%
%
% We want to compute the response time of our queueing system, i.e.,
% \cite[Section 14.3]{stewart_probability_2009}
% \begin{align*}
% W = E\mleft\{ S \mright\} + \frac{\lambda E\mleft\{ S^2 \mright\}}{2\mleft( 1-\rho \mright)}
% .%
% \end{align*}%
% We start by modelling the service time and subsequently calculate $\lambda$
% and $\rho$.
%
% Let $S, V$ and $R$ be random variables denoting the service time, refill volume
% and refill rate, respectively. Assuming that $V$ and $R$ are independent, we
% have
% \begin{gather*}
% S = \frac{V}{R} \hspace{5mm} \text{and} \hspace{5mm}
% P_R(r) = \left\{\begin{array}{rl}
% P(S_\text{L}), & r = r_{S_\text{L}} \\
% 1-P(S_\text{L}), & r = r_{S_\text{R}}
% \end{array}\right.
% \end{gather*}%
% \begin{align*}
% E\mleft\{ S^2 \mright\} &= E\mleft\{ V^2 \mright\}E\mleft\{ 1 / R^2 \mright\} \\
% & = E\mleft\{ V^2 \mright\} \mleft( P(S_\text{L})\frac{1}{r^2_{S_\text{L}}} + \mleft( 1 - P(S_\text{L}) \mright)\frac{1}{r^2_{S_\text{R}}} \mright)
% .%
% \end{align*}
% We now use our experimental data (having calculated $v_n, n\in [1:N]$ from the
% measured fill times and flow rates) to compute
% \begin{align*}
% \left.
% \begin{array}{r}
% E\mleft\{ V^2 \mright\} \approx \frac{1}{N+1} \sum_{n=1}^{N} v_n^2 = \todo{15}\\
% P(S_\text{L}) \approx \frac{\text{\# times $S_\text{L}$ was chosen}}{N} = \todo{123} \\
% r^2_{S_\text{L}} \approx \todo{125} \\
% r^2_{S_\text{R}} \approx \todo{250}
% \end{array}
% \right\} \Rightarrow
% \left\{
% \begin{array}{l}
% E\mleft\{ S \mright\} \approx \todo{678} \\
% E\mleft\{ S^2 \mright\} \approx \todo{123}
% \end{array}
% \right.
% .%
% \end{align*}
%
% $\lambda$ is the mean arrival time.
%
% \todo{
% \textbf{TODOs:}
% \begin{itemize}
% \item Complete text describing / obtaining $\rho$ and $\lambda$
% \item Move model derivation to method section
% \item Move calculations with model to results section
% \item Add grade gain derivation
% \item Idea: Make the whole thing 2 pages and print on A3
% \end{itemize}
% }
\end{document}