diff --git a/paper.tex b/paper.tex index 12d1323..a763311 100644 --- a/paper.tex +++ b/paper.tex @@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ % TODO: "The right strategy" pun -\titlespacing*{\section} -{0mm}{3mm}{1mm} +\titlespacing*{\section}{0mm}{3mm}{1mm} \makeatletter \def\@maketitle{% @@ -46,11 +45,11 @@ \vspace*{-4mm} \begin{center}% {\Huge \linespread{0.9}\selectfont \@title \par}% - {\large - \lineskip .5em% + {\large \lineskip .5em% \begin{tabular}[t]{c}% \@author - \end{tabular}\par}% + \end{tabular} + \par}% \end{center}% \vspace*{-8mm} } @@ -111,12 +110,12 @@ Performance} \author{Some concerned fellow students% - \thanks{The authors would like to thank their hard-working peers as well as - the staff of the KIT library for their unknowing - but vital - -participation.}} + \thanks{The authors would like to thank their hard-working peers as + well as the staff of the KIT library for their unknowing - but vital +- participation.}} -\markboth{Journal of the Association of KIT Bibliophiles}{The -Effect of the Choice of Hydration Strategy on Average Academic Performance} +\markboth{Journal of the Association of KIT Bibliophiles}{The Effect +of the Choice of Hydration Strategy on Average Academic Performance} \maketitle @@ -128,10 +127,10 @@ Effect of the Choice of Hydration Strategy on Average Academic Performance} \begin{abstract} We evaluate the relationship between hydration strategy and - academic performance and project that by using the right button of - the water dispenser to fill up their water bottles, students can potentially - gain up to \SI{4.14}{\second} of study time per refill, which is amounts to - raising their grades by up to 0.00103 points. + academic performance and project that by using the right button + of the water dispenser to fill up their water bottles, students + can potentially gain up to \SI{4.14}{\second} of study time per + refill, which is amounts to raising their grades by up to 0.00103 points. \end{abstract} \begin{IEEEkeywords} @@ -149,33 +148,35 @@ Effect of the Choice of Hydration Strategy on Average Academic Performance} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Introduction} -\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} concepts of hydration and study have always been tightly -interwoven. As an example, an investigation was once conducted by Bell Labs -into the productivity of their employees that found that ``workers with the -most patents often shared lunch or breakfast with a Bell Labs electrical -engineer named Harry Nyquist'' \cite{gertner_idea_2012}, and we presume that -they also paired their food with something to drink. We can see that -intellectual achievement and fluid consumption are related even for the most +\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} concepts of hydration and study have always been +tightly interwoven. As an example, an investigation was once +conducted by Bell Labs into the productivity of their employees that +found that ``workers with the most patents often shared lunch or +breakfast with a Bell Labs electrical engineer named Harry Nyquist'' +\cite{gertner_idea_2012}, and we presume that they also paired their +food with something to drink. We can see that intellectual +achievement and fluid consumption are related even for the most prestigious research institutions. -In this work, we quantify this relationship in the context of studying at the -KIT library and subsequently develop a novel and broadly applicable strategy -to leverage it to improve the academic performance of KIT students. +In this work, we quantify this relationship in the context of +studying at the KIT library and subsequently develop a novel and +broadly applicable strategy to leverage it to improve the academic +performance of KIT students. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Experimental Setup} -Over a period of one week, we monitored the usage of the water dispenser -on the ground floor of the KIT library at random times during the day. -The experiment comprised two parts, a system measurement to determine the -flowrate of the water dispenser, and a behavioural measurement, i.e., -a recording -of the choice of hydration strategy of the participants: $S_\text{L}$ denotes -pressing the left button of the water dispenser, $S_\text{R}$ the right one, -and $S_\text{B}$ pressing both buttons. +Over a period of one week, we monitored the usage of the water +dispenser on the ground floor of the KIT library at random times +during the day. The experiment comprised two parts, a system +measurement to determine the flowrate of the water dispenser, and a +behavioural measurement, i.e., a recording of the choice of hydration +strategy of the participants: $S_\text{L}$ denotes pressing the left +button of the water dispenser, $S_\text{R}$ the right one, and +$S_\text{B}$ pressing both buttons. -For the system measurement $10$ datapoints were recorded for each strategy, -for the behavioural measurement $113$ in total. +For the system measurement $10$ datapoints were recorded for each +strategy, for the behavioural measurement $113$ in total. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Experimental Results} @@ -217,14 +218,15 @@ for the behavioural measurement $113$ in total. \vspace*{-2mm} \end{figure} -Fig. \ref{fig:System} shows the results of the system measurement. -We observe that $S_\text{L}$ is the slowest strategy, while $S_\text{R}$ +Fig. \ref{fig:System} shows the results of the system measurement. We +observe that $S_\text{L}$ is the slowest strategy, while $S_\text{R}$ and $S_\text{B}$ are similar. Due to the small sample size and the -unknown distribution, the test we chose to verify this observation is a Mann -Whitney U test. We found that $S _\text{L}$ is faster than $S_\text{R}$ with a -significance of $p < 0.0001$, while no significant statement could be made -about $S_\text{R}$ and $S_\text{B}$. -Fig. \ref{fig:Behavior} shows the results of the behavioural measurement. +unknown distribution, the test we chose to verify this observation is +a Mann Whitney U test. We found that $S _\text{L}$ is faster than +$S_\text{R}$ with a significance of $p < 0.0001$, while no +significant statement could be made about $S_\text{R}$ and +$S_\text{B}$. Fig. \ref{fig:Behavior} shows the results of the +behavioural measurement. \begin{figure}[H] \centering @@ -261,29 +263,32 @@ Fig. \ref{fig:Behavior} shows the results of the behavioural measurement. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Modelling} -We can consider the water dispenser and students as comprising a queueing -system, specifically an M/G/1 queue \cite{stewart_probability_2009}. -The expected response time, i.e., the time spent waiting as well as -the time dispensing water, is \cite[Section 14.3]{stewart_probability_2009}% +We can consider the water dispenser and students as comprising a +queueing system, specifically an M/G/1 queue +\cite{stewart_probability_2009}. The expected response time, i.e., +the time spent waiting as well as the time dispensing water, is +\cite[Section 14.3]{stewart_probability_2009}% +% \begin{align*} W = E\mleft\{ S \mright\} + \frac{\lambda E\mleft\{ S^2 \mright\}}{2\mleft( 1-\rho \mright)} ,% \end{align*}% -where $S$ denotes the service time (i.e., the time spent refilling a bottle), -$\lambda$ the mean arrival rate, and $\rho = \lambda \cdot E\mleft\{ -S \mright\}$ the system utilization. Using our -experimental data we can approximate all parameters and obtain -$W \approx \SI{23.3}{\second}$. The difference to always using -the fastest strategy amounts to $\SI{4.14}{\second}$. +% +where $S$ denotes the service time (i.e., the time spent refilling a +bottle), $\lambda$ the mean arrival rate, and $\rho = \lambda \cdot +E\mleft\{ S \mright\}$ the system utilization. Using our experimental +data we can approximate all parameters and obtain $W \approx +\SI{23.3}{\second}$. The difference to always using the fastest +strategy amounts to $\SI{4.14}{\second}$. Strangely, it is the consensus of current research that there is only a weak relationship between academic performance and hours studied -\cite{plant_why_2005}. -The largest investigation into the matter found a correlation of -$\rho = 0.18$ \cite{schuman_effort_1985} between GPA and average time -spend studying per day. Using a rather high estimate of 5 refills per -day, we predict a possible grade gain of up to $0.00103$ points. +\cite{plant_why_2005}. The largest investigation into the matter +found a correlation of $\rho = 0.18$ \cite{schuman_effort_1985} +between GPA and average time spend studying per day. Using a rather +high estimate of 5 refills per day, we predict a possible grade gain +of up to $0.00103$ points. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Discussion and Conclusion} @@ -293,12 +298,9 @@ arrival process and the relationship between the response time gain the grade gain. Nevertheless, we believe this work serves as a solid first step on the path towards achieving optimal study behaviour. -% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% \section{Conclusion} - In this study, we investigated how the choice of hydration strategy -affects average academic performance. We found that always -choosing to press the right button leads to an average time gain of +affects average academic performance. We found that always choosing +to press the right button leads to an average time gain of \SI{4.14}{\second} per refill, which translates into a grade improvement of up to $0.00103$ levels. We thus propose a novel and broadly applicable strategy to boost the average academic performance