diff --git a/paper.tex b/paper.tex index 2730404..826cc1a 100644 --- a/paper.tex +++ b/paper.tex @@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ \usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts} \usepackage{float} +\usepackage{titlesec} \usepackage{algorithmic} \usepackage{algorithm} \usepackage{siunitx} @@ -27,6 +28,32 @@ \hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor IEEE-Xplore} +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Template modifications +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% + +\titlespacing*{\section} +{0mm}{3mm}{1mm} + +\makeatletter +\def\@maketitle{% + \newpage + \null + \vspace*{-4mm} + \begin{center}% + {\Huge \linespread{0.9}\selectfont \@title \par}% + {\large + \lineskip .5em% + \begin{tabular}[t]{c}% + \@author + \end{tabular}\par}% + \end{center}% + \vspace*{-8mm} +} +\makeatother + % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Inputs & Global Options @@ -64,9 +91,7 @@ \AtBeginBibliography{\footnotesize} % -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% Title, Header, Footer, etc. -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Custom commands % \newcommand\todo[1]{\textcolor{red}{#1}} @@ -79,7 +104,8 @@ \begin{document} -\title{The Effect of the Choice of Hydration Strategy on Average Academic +\title{\vspace{-3mm}The Effect of the Choice of Hydration Strategy on + Average Academic Performance} \author{Some concerned fellow students% @@ -98,11 +124,13 @@ Effect of the Choice of Hydration Strategy on Average Academic Performance} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % +% \vspace*{-10mm} + \begin{abstract} We evaluate the \todo{\ldots} and project that by using the right button of the water dispenser to fill up their water bottles, students can potentially gain up to \todo{5 minutes} of study time a day, which is equivalent to - raising their grades by up to \todo{0.01} levels. + raising their grades by up to \todo{0.01} points. \end{abstract} \begin{IEEEkeywords} @@ -115,7 +143,7 @@ Effect of the Choice of Hydration Strategy on Average Academic Performance} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % -\vspace*{-1mm} +\vspace*{-5mm} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Introduction} @@ -161,6 +189,7 @@ for the behavioral measurement $113$ in total. \begin{figure}[H] \centering + \vspace*{-4mm} \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis}[ width=0.8\columnwidth, @@ -191,11 +220,25 @@ for the behavioral measurement $113$ in total. \caption{Flow rate of the water dispenser depending on the hydration strategy.} \label{fig:System} + \vspace*{-2mm} \end{figure} -\begin{figure} +Fig. \ref{fig:System} shows the results of the system measurement. +We observe that $S_\text{L}$ is the slowest strategy, while $S_\text{R}$ +and $S_\text{B}$ are similar. Due to the small sample size and the +unknown distribution, the test we chose to verify this observation is a Mann +Whitney U test. We found that $S _\text{L}$ is faster than $S_\text{R}$ with a +significance of $p < 0.0001$, while no significant statement could be made +about $S_\text{R}$ and $S_\text{B}$. +Fig. \ref{fig:Behavior} shows the results of the behavioral measurement. +% During this part of the experiment, we also measured the time each participant +% needed to fill up their bottle. Using the measured flowrates we calculated +% the mean refill volume to be $\SI{673.92}{\milli\liter}$. + +\begin{figure}[H] \centering + \vspace*{-2mm} \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis}[ ybar, @@ -224,20 +267,8 @@ for the behavioral measurement $113$ in total. \label{fig:Behavior} \end{figure} -Fig. \ref{fig:System} shows the results of the system measurement. -We observe that $S_\text{L}$ is the slowest strategy, while $S_\text{R}$ -and $S_\text{B}$ are similar. Due to the small sample size and the -unknown distribution, the test we chose to verify this observation is a Mann -Whitney U test. We found that $S _\text{L}$ is faster than $S_\text{R}$ with a -significance of $p < 0.0001$, while no significant statement could be made -about $S_\text{R}$ and $S_\text{B}$. -Fig. \ref{fig:Behavior} shows the results of the behavioral measurement. -% During this part of the experiment, we also measured the time each participant -% needed to fill up their bottle. Using the measured flowrates we calculated -% the mean refill volume to be $\SI{673.92}{\milli\liter}$. - %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Discussion} +\section{Modelling} We can consider the water dispenser and students as comprising a queueing system, specifically an M/G/1 queue \cite{stewart_probability_2009}. @@ -252,7 +283,8 @@ where $S$ denotes the service time (i.e., the time spent refilling a bottle), $\lambda$ the mean arrival time, and $\rho = \lambda \cdot E\mleft\{ S \mright\}$ the system utilization. Using our experimental data we can approximate all parameters and obtain -\todo{$W \approx 123$}. +\todo{$W \approx \SI{4}{\second}$}. The difference to always using +the fastest strategy can be calculated as \todo{$\SI{5}{\second}$}. % We examine the effects of the choice of hydration strategy. To % this end, we start by estimating the potential time savings possible by always % choosing the fastest strategy:% @@ -290,31 +322,45 @@ experimental data we can approximate all parameters and obtain % Using our experimental measurements we estimate $\todo{\Delta t = % \SI{20}{\second}}$ -Many attempts have been made in the literature to relate the time spent -studying to academic achievement - see, e.g. -\cite{schuman_effort_1985, zulauf_use_1999, michaels_academic_1989, -dickinson_effect_1990}. -The overwhelming consensus is that there is a significant relationship, -though it is a weak one. +Strangely, it is the consensus of current research that there is only +a weak relationship between academic performance and invested time +\cite{plant_why_2005}. Using the highest determined correlation we +could find, \todo{$\rho = 0.18$ \cite{schuman_effort_1985}}, we +estimate an upper bound on the possible grade gain of \todo{0.001}. + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{Discussion and Conclusion} + +Further research is needed to consolidate and expand on the results +of this paper, e.g., by expanding on the modelling of the arrival +process or further investigating the relationship between the study +time and the resulting grade for the target demographic. +Nevertheless, we believe this study serves as a solid first step +towards the optimization of the study behaviour of KIT students and +thus the betterment of society in general. + +% Many attempts have been made in the literature to relate +% the time spent studying to academic achievement - see, e.g. +% \cite{schuman_effort_1985, zulauf_use_1999, michaels_academic_1989, +% dickinson_effect_1990}. +% The overwhelming consensus is that there is a significant relationship, +% though it is a weak one. % -\todo{ - \begin{itemize} - \item Compute possible grade gain - \end{itemize}} %Many of the studies were only performed over % a period of one week or even day, so we believe care should be taken when % generlizing these results. Nevertheless, the overwhelming consensus in the % literature is that a significant relationship exists, though it is a weak one. -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Conclusion} +% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% \section{Conclusion} -In this study, we investigated how the choice of hydration strategy affects -the average academic performance. We found that always choosing to -press the right button leads to an average time gain of \todo{\SI{10}{\second}} -per day, which translates into a grade improvement of $\todo{0.001}$ levels. -We thus propose a novel and broadly applicable strategy to boost the average -academic performance of KIT students: always pressing the right button. +In this study, we investigated how the choice of hydration strategy +affects the average academic performance. We found that always +choosing to press the right button leads to an average time gain of +\todo{\SI{10}{\second}} \todo{per day}, which translates into a grade +improvement of $\todo{0.001}$ levels. We thus propose a novel and +broadly applicable strategy to boost the average academic performance +of KIT students: always pressing the right button. % Further research is needed to develop a better model of how the choice of % hydration strategy is related to academic performance. We