Wrote conclusion
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@ -270,6 +270,11 @@ to the constraints never being quite satisfied.
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With \ac{LP} decoding using \ac{ADMM},
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With \ac{LP} decoding using \ac{ADMM},
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the constraints are fulfilled for each parity check individualy after each
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the constraints are fulfilled for each parity check individualy after each
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iteration of the decoding process.
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iteration of the decoding process.
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It should be noted that while in this thesis proximal decoding was
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examined with respect to its performance in \ac{AWGN} channels, in
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\cite{proximal_paper} it is presented as a method applicable to non-trivial
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channel models such as \ac{LDPC}-coded massive \ac{MIMO} channels, perhaps
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broadening its usefulness beyond what is shown here.
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The timing requirements of the decoding algorithms are visualized in figure
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The timing requirements of the decoding algorithms are visualized in figure
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\ref{fig:comp:time}.
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\ref{fig:comp:time}.
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@ -1,8 +1,55 @@
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\chapter{Conclusion}%
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\chapter{Conclusion}%
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\label{chapter:conclusion}
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\label{chapter:conclusion}
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\begin{itemize}
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In the context of this thesis, two decoding algorithms were considered:
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\item Summary of results
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proximal decoding and \ac{LP} decoding using \ac{ADMM}.
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\item Future work
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The two algorithms were first analyzed individually, before comparing them
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\end{itemize}
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based on simulation results as well as their theoretical structure.
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For proximal decoding, the effect of each parameter on the behavior of the
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decoder was examined, leading to an approach to choosing the value of each
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of the parameters.
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The convergence properties of the algorithm were investigated in the context
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of the relatively high decoding failure rate, to derive an approach to correct
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possible wrong componets of the estimate.
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Based on this approach, an improvement over proximal decoding was suggested,
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leading to a decoding gain of up to $\SI{1}{dB}$, depending on the code and
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the parameters considered.
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For \ac{LP} decoding using \ac{ADMM}, the circumstances brought about via the
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relaxation while formulating the \ac{LP} decoding problem were first explored.
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The decomposable nature arising from the relocation of the constraints into
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the objective function itself was recognized as the major driver in enabling
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the efficent implementation of the decoding algorithm.
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Based on simulation results, general guidelines for choosing each parameter
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were again derived.
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The decoding performance, in form of the \ac{FER}, of the algorithm was
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analyzed, observing that \ac{LP} decoding using \ac{ADMM} nearly reaches that
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of \ac{BP}, staying within approximately $\SI{0.5}{dB}$ depending on the code
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in question.
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Finally, strong parallells were discovered with regard to the theoretical
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structure of the two algorithms, both in the constitution of their respective
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objective functions as in the iterative approaches used to minimize them.
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One difference noted was the approximate nature of the minimization in the
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case of proximal decoding, leading to the constraints never being truly
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satisfied.
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In conjunction with the alternating minimization with respect to the same
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variable leading to oscillatory behavior, this was identified as the
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root cause of its comparatively worse decoding performance.
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Furthermore, both algorithms were expressed as message passing algorithms,
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justifying their similar computational performance.
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While the modified proximal decoding algorithm presented in section
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\ref{sec:prox:Improved Implementation} shows some promising results, further
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investigation is required to determine how different choices of parameters
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affect the decoding performance.
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Additionally, a more mathematically rigorous foundation for determining the
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potentially wrong components of the estimate is desirable.
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Another area benefiting from future work is the expantion of the \ac{ADMM}
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based \ac{LP} decoder into a decoder approximating \ac{ML} performance,
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using \textit{adaptive \ac{LP} decoding}.
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With this method, the successive addition of redundant parity checks is used
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to mitigate the decoder becoming stuck in erroneous solutions introduced due
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the relaxation of the constraints of the \ac{LP} decoding problem \cite{alp}.
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@ -33,13 +33,6 @@ examined with respect to its performance in \ac{AWGN} channels, in
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channel models such as \ac{LDPC}-coded massive \ac{MIMO} channels, perhaps
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channel models such as \ac{LDPC}-coded massive \ac{MIMO} channels, perhaps
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broadening its usefulness beyond what is shown here.
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broadening its usefulness beyond what is shown here.
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While the modified proximal decoding algorithm presented in section
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\ref{sec:prox:Improved Implementation} shows some promising results, further
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investigation is required to determine how different choices of parameters
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affect the decoding performance.
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Additionally, a more mathematically rigorous foundation for determining the
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potentially wrong components of the estimate is desirable.
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Another interesting approach might be the combination of proximal and \ac{LP}
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Another interesting approach might be the combination of proximal and \ac{LP}
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decoding.
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decoding.
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Performing an initial number of iterations using proximal decoding to obtain
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Performing an initial number of iterations using proximal decoding to obtain
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@ -1370,11 +1370,6 @@ of one another.
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\label{fig:admm:results}
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\label{fig:admm:results}
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\end{figure}%
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\end{figure}%
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%
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%
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\footnotetext{; $K=200, \mu = 3.3, \rho=1.9,
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\epsilon_{\text{pri}} = 10^{-5}, \epsilon_{\text{dual}} = 10^{-5}$
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}%
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%
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In figure \ref{fig:admm:ber_fer}, the \ac{BER} and \ac{FER} for \ac{LP} decoding
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In figure \ref{fig:admm:ber_fer}, the \ac{BER} and \ac{FER} for \ac{LP} decoding
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using\ac{ADMM} and \ac{BP} are shown for a (3, 6) regular \ac{LDPC} code with
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using\ac{ADMM} and \ac{BP} are shown for a (3, 6) regular \ac{LDPC} code with
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$n=204$.
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$n=204$.
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@ -1195,17 +1195,10 @@ $\SI{2.80}{GHz}$ and utilizing all cores.
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\end{axis}
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\caption{Timing requirements of the proximal decoding imlementation%
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\caption{Timing requirements of the proximal decoding imlementation}
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\protect\footnotemark{}}
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\label{fig:prox:time_comp}
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\label{fig:prox:time_comp}
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\end{figure}%
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\end{figure}%
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%
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%
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\footnotetext{The datapoints depicted were calculated by evaluating the
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metadata of \ac{FER} simulation results from the following codes:
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BCH (31, 11); BCH (31, 26); \cite[\text{96.3.965; 204.33.484; 204.55.187;
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408.33.844; PEGReg252x504}]{mackay_enc}
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}%
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%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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@ -1499,16 +1492,10 @@ theoretical considerations.
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\caption{Comparison of the timing requirements of the implementations of proximal
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\caption{Comparison of the timing requirements of the implementations of proximal
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decoding and the improved algorithm\protect\footnotemark{}}
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decoding and the improved algorithm}
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\label{fig:prox:time_complexity_comp}
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\label{fig:prox:time_complexity_comp}
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\end{figure}%
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\end{figure}%
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%
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%
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\footnotetext{The datapoints depicted were calculated by evaluating the
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metadata of \ac{FER} simulation results from the following codes:
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BCH (31, 11); BCH (31, 26); \cite[\text{96.3.965; 204.33.484; 204.55.187;
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408.33.844; PEGReg252x504}]{mackay_enc}
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}%
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%
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In conclusion, the decoding performance of proximal decoding can be improved
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In conclusion, the decoding performance of proximal decoding can be improved
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by appending an ML-in-the-List step when the algorithm does not produce a
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by appending an ML-in-the-List step when the algorithm does not produce a
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@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
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\include{chapters/proximal_decoding}
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\include{chapters/proximal_decoding}
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\include{chapters/lp_dec_using_admm}
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\include{chapters/lp_dec_using_admm}
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\include{chapters/comparison}
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\include{chapters/comparison}
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\include{chapters/discussion}
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% \include{chapters/discussion}
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\include{chapters/conclusion}
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\include{chapters/conclusion}
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\include{chapters/appendix}
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\include{chapters/appendix}
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